Among the extra intestinal enterobiasis, involvement of vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, peritoneal surfaces and surfaces of ovaries are the common sites and it infrequently involves the ovarian parenchyma. Chronic enterobiasis of urinary tract is an extremely rare phenomenon. Here we report a case of recurrent genito-urinary enterobiasis. The ova and larvae were demonstrated on two out of three occasions from the patient’s deposits. This 20 year old female patient was treated with local piprazin citrate for 8 days and the treatment was found to be successful. This is a first report of its kind in which larvae were demonstrated in urine and local treatment was successfully applied.

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The antibacterial activity of Augmentin (Amoxycillin and Clavulanic acid) was determined on 100 bacterial strains isolated from the pathological specimens. A significant difference in the sensitivity pattern between Augmentin and the other commonly used B-lactam antibiotics was noted with respect to the strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. The Minimum inhibitory. Concentration (MIC) of Augmentin for S. aureus was lower than that for E. coli and Klebsiella sp. However the MIC values are more than one quarter to half the concentration of the clavulanic acid which can be obtained in the serum with usual recommended dosage. It was also observed that the concentration of clavulanic acid in the discs employed for the disc diffusion test was 5 times more than the peak serum levels achieved with usual dosage. Hence our study concludes that though Augmentin shows significant in vitro activity against some commonly encountered bacteria, which does not correlate with the peak serum values in vivo. Further studies using having lower concentration of clavulanic acid are needed.

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Transferable resistance to betadine, chlorhexidine gluconate and cetrimide was observed in K.lebsiella aerogenes strains isolated from hospitalized patients. Resistance to these disinfectants appears to be mediated by a plasmid, like resistance to antibiotics. This resistance could be co-transferred along with resistance to ampicillin but not with gentamicin. Suggestion that resistance to ampicillin and disinfectants in mediated by a conjugative plasmid while resistance to gentamicin is mediated by a non conjugative plasmid.

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Two hundred and seventy serum samples from patients of acute viral hepatitis (78), voluntary blood donors (132) and healthy pregnant women (60) were investigated for the presence of HbsAg and Latex agglutination tests. The prevalence of HbsAG with ELISA test was 16.6%, 3.8% and by Latex agglutination test 15.4%, 3% and 3.3% in the three respective groups. Compared with ELISA, Latex agglutination lest showed a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 99.2%. The present study confirmed the higher sensitivity of ELISA test over latex agglutination test in detecting HB sAg in human serum.

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Four clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae sensitive to all the antibiotics and klebocins of six Ayliffe producer strains were conjugated with a strain of Esherichia coli possessing R plasmid. Klebocin typing of resistant transconjugants (K.pneumonise) was repeated. Acquisition of R plasmid complete or in part modified the recipient strains so that they became resistant to one to three klebocins and the elimination (curing) of R plasmid reversed the klebocin sensitivity.

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During September and October 1988 an extensive outbreak of cholera occurred affecting seven districts of Manipur. A total of 2742 causes could be detected and a fatality rate of 0.8 per cent was recorded during the period Seventy strains of vibrio cholerae, biotype El T or were isolated from 161 faecal samples collected for bacteriological investigation. Majority of the strains were found to be sensitive to tetracycline, nalidixic acid, norflox, chloramphernicol, and cephalexin but resistant to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, streptomycin, and gentamicin inadequate supply of safe water and frequent floods in imphal valley are thought to be the major factors for outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis and cholera.

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A Total of 112 thalassaemia major patients and 242 healthy voluntary blood donors were tested for antimalarial antibodies by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) and micro-ELISA tests. Significant level of antibody was found in 25 (22.32%) patients by IFA and in 48 (42.85%) by ELISA test. The number of thalassaemia patients showing antimalarial antibody by both the tests was significantly higher as compared to 242 controls (healthy blood donors) out of which 30 (12.39%) showed antimalarial antibody by IFA and 47 (19.42%) by ELISA (P<0.05 and p<0.01 respectively). ELISA detected significant levels of antimalarial antibodies in higher number of patients as well control as compared to IFA test. Higher incidence of antimalarial antibodies in thalassaemia patients probably is due to frequent exposures to malaria parasite through repeated transfusions.

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Development of humoral and cell mediated immune response (CMIR) after administration of pertussis vaccine were studied in mice with special reference to mouse protection. Two doses could protect 90% of mice on 7th day itself as compared to 50% protection after single dose immunization. High level of agglutinin has been shown to correlate well with higher level of protection. CMI response as measured by Macrophage Migration inhibition (MMI) appeared after 14-21 days of immunization and rose in graded manner and reached to a peak on 56 day and also showed no sign of wanning. Cells transferred from donor mice receiving 2 doses of vaccine could protect 20-30% of normal recipient mice when transferred between 7-28 post immunization days (PID) and also transferred CMIR. These findings indicated possible role of CMI in pertussis during the part of infection, when agglutinin titre starts declining.

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Enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC) was detected in 13.04 percent (347 out of 2661) patients with diarrhoea who attended the hospital attached to the Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana during May 1984 to May 1987. The predominant serotypes encountered were 055, 0128, 0125, 0126, 0114, 0119, 086, 0111, 0112 and 0124. The disease incidence had a positive correlation (r-0.633) with mean maximum temperature and the negative correlation (r-0.604) with relative humidity suggesting its higher incidence under conditions of high temperature and low humidity. High prevalence of EPEC infection was noticed in male infants (52.16%) as compared to females (12.68%). EPEC isolates were mostly susceptible to gentamicin, nalidixic acid, cephalothin, furazolidine and neomycin.

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